Longevity
SS-31
Metabolic
0
Amino acids
Molecular weight
Peptide
Type
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function for enhanced cellular energy production.
Top researched benefits
Overview of SS-31
Selectively binds to cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function. This improves ATP production and reduces oxidative damage at the mitochondrial level.
Mitochondrial
- Optimizes electron transport chain function for improved cellular energy.
- Prevents cardiolipin peroxidation and reduces mitochondrial oxidative damage.
- Significant improvements in 6-minute walk test and fatigue scores in PMM patients.
Cardiovascular
- Reduces cardiac injury markers and improves mitochondrial function in surgical patients.
- Reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and supports cardiac function.
- Enhanced exercise capacity and reduced fatigue.
Antiaging
- Reversed age-related decline in muscle function in animal studies.
- Neuroprotective effects demonstrated in Alzheimer's models.
- Supports overall cellular health through mitochondrial optimization.
Storage
Reconstituted: 2-8°C in amber/dark vials, use within 30 days. Light sensitive
Frequency
Once daily (morning or pre-workout for athletic use)
Typical Dose
5-10mg general support, 10-40mg clinical/performance protocols
Cycle Duration
4-12 weeks for therapeutic protocols
No visual available
Due to this peptide having no amino acids, there is no molecular chain to display.
Chemical Makeup
Key benefits
Directly protects mitochondria
Improves cellular energy production (ATP)
Reduces oxidative damage
Enhances exercise capacity
Excellent safety profile in clinical trials
Cardioprotective effects
Community interest
This peptide is still gaining traction in the community.
Mitochondrial-Targeted Peptide | Cardiolipin Protector
This overview is informational and based on aggregated descriptions from studies and user reports.
Was it helpful?YesSS-31 Molecular Information
View the scientifc details of SS-31.
Molecular Weight
0DaChain Length
0Amino AcidsType
PeptideSS-31 Protocols
Subcutaneous or intravenous injection. SS-31 dissolves readily and should be protected from light due to photosensitivity.
| Goal | Dosage | Frequency | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| General mitochondrial support | 5 | 1 week range | SubQ |
| Athletic performance | 10 | 1 week range | SubQ |
| Clinical protocols | 40 | 1 week range | SubQ or IV |
| Acute cardioprotection | 0.25 | — | IV |
Reconstitution Instructions
Materials needed:
Steps to reconstitute
- Clean vial with alcohol pad
- Add 1-2mL bacteriostatic water per 10mg peptide
- Gently swirl to dissolve (dissolves readily)
- Verify clear, colorless solution
- Optional: sterile filtration for IV use
- Label with concentration and date
- Store immediately at 2-8°C
- Protect from light - use amber vials if available
SS-31 Cycle
The SS-31 Cycle section explains how long a typical cycle lasts and what to expect during each phase. Over time, your body can become less responsive with continuous use.
Taking breaks between cycles may help maintain effectiveness and support better overall results.
- Day 1-3
- Subtle energy improvements, reduced fatigue
- Week 1-2
- Better exercise endurance, faster recovery
- Week 2-4
- Improved stamina, clearer thinking, better sleep
- Week 4-8
- Significant exercise capacity improvements
- Week 8-12
- Sustained energy, potential biomarker changes
Dosing tools
SS-31 Peptide Dosage Calculator
Calculate peptide doses with our visual syringe guide.
0.3mL / 30 units
5 units
0.050 mL
1 mL
2 mL
3 mL
5 mL
Custom
Conversion: 1,000 mcg = 1 mg
Injection Results
Based on your vial and dilution inputs.
Safe concentration range
SS-31
SINGLE COMPOUNDVolume per injection
0.05
mL
Concentration
10.00
mg/mL
Doses per vial
20
doses
Total injections per vial
20 injections
How it works
Based on a 10 mg SS-31 vial diluted with 1 mL of bacteriostatic water, each 500 mcg injection equals 0.05 mL.
Research Purposes Only
These calculators are provided for educational and research purposes only. Always verify calculations and consult with qualified professionals. The information provided is not medical advice. Peptides should only be used in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Reference Guide
Dosing Cycle
- Peptide
- SS-31
- Dosing
- 5-10mg general support, 10-40mg clinical/performance protocols
- Dosing Frequency
- Once daily (morning or pre-workout for athletic use)
- Cycle Duration
- 4-12 weeks for therapeutic protocols
- Storage
- Reconstituted: 2-8°C in amber/dark vials, use within 30 days. Light sensitive
Note: Triple agonist; microdose for fewer side effects
Reconstitution Tips
- Use bacteriostatic water (BAC) — contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol for preservation
- Inject water slowly — aim down the vial wall, not directly onto powder
- Never shake — gently swirl or roll the vial until dissolved
- Store properly — refrigerate at 2-8°C after reconstitution
- Use within 28 days — most reconstituted peptides remain stable for about 4 weeks
- Keep sterile — always clean vial tops with alcohol before drawing
Peptide Interactions
Research suggestions of SS-31 interactions with other common peptides and substances.
Healing
bpc
Longevity
BPC-157
COMPATIBLE
BPC-157 focuses on tissue repair while SS-31 targets cellular energetics.
Longevity
mot
Metabolic
MOTS-c
SYNERGISTIC
Both are mitochondrial peptides with complementary mechanisms.
Longevity
nad
Metabolic
NAD+
SYNERGISTIC
Both support mitochondrial function through different mechanisms.
Healing
thymos
Longevity
Thymosin Beta-4
COMPATIBLE
Both cardioprotective via different pathways.
Side effects
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to peptides
Pregnancy or breastfeeding (limited data)
Stop signs
Severe injection site reactions
Allergic reaction signs (rash, breathing difficulty)
Unusual fatigue or weakness (paradoxical reaction)
Cardiovascular symptoms
Severe headaches or vision changes
Bad signs
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Frequently asked questions
What benefits can peptides offer in research?
Peptides can support cellular repair, immune function, metabolic health, and tissue regeneration. Research suggests they may help with recovery, sleep quality, skin health, and cognitive function, depending on the specific peptide and its mechanism of action.
What are some exciting applications of peptides in modern science?
Current research explores peptides for longevity, muscle recovery, wound healing, metabolic disorders, and neuroprotection. Scientists are also investigating peptide-based drug delivery and targeted therapies that could offer more precise treatment options.
How do peptides influence health and wellness?
Peptides work by binding to receptors on cells and triggering specific biological responses. Depending on the peptide, they may promote growth hormone release, support collagen production, modulate inflammation, or influence neurotransmitter activity—each with different implications for health and wellness.
Where can I find the latest studies on peptide applications?
Peer-reviewed journals such as Nature, Science, and specialized publications like Peptides and the Journal of Peptide Science publish ongoing research. PubMed and Google Scholar are useful for searching studies by peptide name or condition.
Are there any guidelines for using peptides in research?
Research use of peptides typically follows institutional review board (IRB) protocols and regulatory guidelines. Dosage, administration route, and safety monitoring should align with published literature and applicable regulations in your jurisdiction.
What is the difference between peptides and proteins?
Peptides are short chains of amino acids (typically under 50), while proteins are longer chains that fold into complex structures. Peptides are often more stable, easier to synthesize, and can cross cell membranes more readily, making them attractive for therapeutic applications.
How should peptides be stored?
Most peptides require refrigeration (2–8°C) and protection from light. Reconstituted peptides often have shorter stability and may need to be used within days or weeks. Always follow the manufacturer's or research protocol's storage instructions.
Can peptides be taken orally?
Some peptides are bioavailable orally, but many are broken down by digestive enzymes before reaching the bloodstream. Subcutaneous injection, nasal administration, or other routes are often used in research to improve bioavailability. The optimal route depends on the specific peptide.
SS-31Research References
SS-31 is a well studied compound
SS-31
SS-31 is a well studied compound
Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Phase 2 Trial
40mg daily for 12 weeks in 36 patients showed significant improvements in 6-minute walk test and fatigue scores with excellent safety profile.
2018
Cardioprotection in Heart Failure Study
0.25mg/kg/hr infusion during cardiac surgery reduced cardiac injury markers and improved mitochondrial function.
2019
Age-Related Muscle Dysfunction Study
8 weeks in aged mice reversed age-related decline in muscle function, increased ATP production, and reduced oxidative stress.
2020
Barth Syndrome Clinical Trial
Phase 3 trial with 40mg daily for 48 weeks showed trends toward cardiac improvement in this rare mitochondrial disorder.
2021